Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical world regions, especially latin america, africa, asia, and oceania. Molecular structure, composition and physicochemical properties of yam dioscorea sp. Fourty two yam dioscorea species sprouted tubers were collected from six different major growing regions of ethiopia and planted at hawasa agricultural research center the dioscorea species considered in this study were d. N g amani1 1food sciences and technology department of nangui abrogoua university, 02 bp 801 abidjan 02, cote divoire abstract the tubers of some wild yam species eight found in the ivory coast forest were collected and effect. This research work investigated the effect of processing sulphiting and steam blanching on the proximate, phytochemical and functional properties of dioscorea bulbifera flour. The common name for the genus, yams, will be used when discussing information applicable to 2 or more of the above species. Kukulala is widely cultivated in sri lanka, due to its flavour and short maturity period. Botanically the tuber belongs to the dioscoreaceae family, in the genus, dioscorea. There exist several hundred cultivars of dioscorea.
Thus, although dioscorea was introduced by the thomsonian school in medicine, it became a favorite in the eclectic school, where for decades it has found a cordial reception. Each dioscorea cultivar has a diverse chemical composition, including the moisture, ash, and crude fiber contents as shown in table 2. The isolated starches had nitrogen contents ranging from 0. Linantioxdant activities of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam dioscorea batatas decne tuber. Characterizing diversity in composition and pasting properties of tuber flour in yam germplasm dioscorea spp. However, cultivated forms of yam generally produce tubers that are more or less cylindrical in shape and 35 kg in weight. The nutrient and antinutrient components of tubers from seven cultivars. Yam traditional pacific island crops research guides.
Dry matter content of yam tuber different parts varied. Proximate and mineral elements composition of the tissue and. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the. Research article antibacterial activities and phytochemical. The tubers are usually a vivid violetpurple to bright lavender in color hence the common name, but some range in color from cream to plain white. An evaluation of the proximate and elemental compositions of. The proximate analysis and chemical composition of tuber and root starches are illustrated in table 1. The antinutritional and vitamin composition of highaquality yam. Species in this genus are dioecious, twining, and herbaceous to woody vines with single or clustered large tubers, some of which are edible and are known as. Article pdf available in journal of food agriculture and environment 72. At present, the worlds leading producer in west africa, followed by southeast asia, pacific islands and caribbean region. Dioscorea is one such tuber, having maximum use among the tribal of sbr. Pdf the chemical composition of aerial yam tubers dioscorea bulbifera has been investigated.
Proximate composition of the bulbils and peel of dioscorea bulbifera phytochemical properties the phytochemical screening for the presence of bioactive components in the tuber of d. Chemical composition, dioscorea, starch, phytochemical, yams, xanthosoma sp the base of the dioscorea esculenta kukulala stem contains a large number of tubers which are generally ovoid and cylindrical fig. In this context, an attempt was made to understand the chemical composition and antinutritional factors of the under utilized tubers of nine species of dioscorea. The nutrient and antinutrient components of tubers from seven cultivars of dioscorea alata were determined. Winged yam dioscorea alata is another nonnative, invasive vine in florida. However, less documentation and no specific reports are available on the food and medicinal values of the species available in this part of the world. Dioscorea alata ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. Composition, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches. Nutritional assessment of yam dioscorea alata tubers. Based on fermented cereal, legume, tuber and root flour onoja, u. Furthermore, several species of yams also have medicinal properties and the tuber contains some pharmacologically active substances including dioscorine, saponin and sapogenin 24. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. The genus dioscorea includes about 350800 species distributed largely in the tropics, but also in warm and temperate regions.
This paper describes the effects of the leaf mulch of gliricidia sepium on the development and yield of water yam, dioscorea alata. Chemical composition, physical properties, and antioxidant activities of yam flours as affected by different drying methods. Abstract the nutrient composition and organoleptic attributes of. A study on its ethnopharmacological potential and traditional use by the local people of. By far the most common is dioscorea opposita, for which the rhizome tuber is used. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Nutritional and antinutritional evaluation of wild yam dioscorea sp. Rehydrated tubers were brought to room temperature, excess water was drained o. Dioscorea sansibarensis pax section macroura, zanzibar yam. They are mostly grown for their starchy tubers both. Tropical root and tuber crops encyclopedia of life support. Beside cassava, yam is the major source of energy in nigeria which requires a special attention in its production and improvement in its biochemical composition. Comparative analysis on the proximate composition of tubers.
Pdf chemical composition of aerial yam tubers dioscorea. Composition, molecular structure, and physicochemical. Dioscorea is a tuber plant that used as a source of food and medicine. The nutrient and antinutrient components of tubers from seven cultivars ofdioscorea alata were determined. Nutritive and antinutritive composition of the wild inedible species of dioscorea bulbifera potato yam and dioscorea dumentorum bitter yam. Fourty two yam dioscorea species sprouted tubers were collected from six different major growing regions of ethiopia and planted at hawasa agricultural research center. Water yam or purple yam dioscorea alata is the main food crop of the genus dioscorea. The nutritional compositions of wild yam dioscorea tubers available in nepal are presented in table 2. Analysis of biochemical composition of yams dioscorea spp. The changes in the main nutrient and medicinal components during the storage of the chinese yam dioscorea opposita tubers were studied. This study is aimed at providing information on the proximate composition and characterization of carotenoids in yams dioscorea spp.
The tuber shape is generally cylindrical, but can be extremely variable. The analysis indicated the presence of saponin, tannin, flavonoids. Starchy roots and tuber crops play a pivotal role in the human diet. The tubers themselves are called yams, and there is a variety owing to numerous.
Proximate composition and carotenoid profile of yams. Effects of npk fertilizer on tuber yield, starch content. Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus dioscorea family dioscoreaceae that form edible tubers. They are the staple food for hundreds of millions of poor people. They are major sources of energy in developing countries with fast population growth and high urbanization rates. The tuber shape and size can vary greatly due to genetic and environmental factors. This hinders the further development of yams as sustainable crops as well as the valueadded processing of the. There are several herbs derived from species of dioscorea used in chinese herb formulas, though only two are used with some frequency.
Originates from south east asia, it is the species most widely spread throughout the world and in africa is second only to white yam in popularity. The two most important ones in the pacific are dioscorea alata greater yam, water yam and dioscorea esculenta lesser yam, potato yam. Both of these species originated in southeast asia and very early were carried by voyagers into the western pacific and brought d. The chemical composition of yam is characterized by a high moisture content 5575%,wb and dry matter. Lyophilized tuber aliquots were rehydrated for 24h in deionized, distilled water 60ml at 43c. There are number of roots and tubers which make an extensive biodiversity even within the same geographical location. Physicochemical characterisation of yam dioscorea alata l. An analysis of weight loss of stored yam dioscorea spp. The results of the mineral element composition of yam dioscorea rotundata diets are as presented in table iii. Characterization of chemical composition and antinutritional factors in seven species within the ghanaian yam dioscorea germplasm abstract.
Chemical composition and quality changes occurring in dioscorea dumetorum pax tubers after harvest. An evaluation of the proximate and elemental compositions. The dioscorea species considered in this study were d. The nutrition of the people of developing countries is a major public health issue which has challenged breeders to enhance the nutritional quality of preferred and staple crops such as yam. The diversity in 65 yam accessions collected from southern ethiopia and belonging largely to a yet unknown species and to dioscorea bulbifera l. Winged yam is known to have disprupted naturalarea plant communities, particularly coastal hammocks in south florida. The chemical composition of aerial yam tubers dioscorea bulbifera has been investigated. The proximate composition of proximal part pp, median part mp and distal part dp of kangba and bete bete varieties of yam belonging respectively to dioscorea alata and dioscorea cayenensisrotundata in table 1 and 2. Compared with other tuber and root starches, there is a lack of systematic information on the yam starches.
Chemical composition and quality changes occurring in dioscorea. Tropical root and tuber crops encyclopedia of life. Proximate and mineral composition variability in ethiopian. Changes in main nutrients and medicinal composition of. Yellow yam dioscorea cayenensis important information. These bioactive compounds also reflect the indigenous therapeutic values among the many races of aboriginals of the world nayaboga et al. Pdf characterizing diversity in composition and pasting. Antinutritional factors, chemical composition, dioscorea species, oxalate, tannin, phytate. Martin, plant geneticist, mayaguez institute of tropical agri culture, agricultural research service, u. This study characterized the most cultivated and consumed yam dioscorea cultivars within the ghanaian yam germplasm based on their chemical composition and antinutritional factors. The tropical root and tuber crops cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids are of utmost importance for the world food security. Effects of different concentrations of chemical sprout. Iron content was low in all the diets ranging from 1. Development of hptlc method for rapid quantification of sugars, catechins, phenolic acids and saponins to assess yam dioscorea spp.
Dioscorea cayenensis had the highest compositions of fat 2. Development of hptlc method for rapid quantification of. Feb 14, 2017 the tuber and other parts of dioscorea species possess different types of bioactive compounds table table4, 4, figure figure3 3 so that its parts are used against different diseases. Department of chemistry, michael okpara university of agriculture. Nagai t, nagashima t 2006 functional properties of dioscorin, a soluble viscous protein from japanese yam dioscorea opposita thunb. Thus, they add variety to the diet in addition to offering numerous desirable nutritional and health benefits such as antioxidative, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory. Abstract the nutrient composition and organoleptic attributes of gruel based on blends of 24hour fermented water. Rhodes am 1973 the amino acid composition of five species of yams dioscorea. Lloyd investigated the dioscorea subject, and found that the variety of the vine yielding the drug originally em. As a food source, dioscorea is composed of various chemical components. Autolysate and enzymatic hydrolysates from yam dioscorea opposita thunb. The tuber and other parts of dioscorea species possess different types of bioactive compounds table table4, 4, figure figure3 3 so that its parts are used against different diseases. Mineral and toxicant levels in yam dioscorea rotundata diets.
The proximate principles and mineral elements in the wet and dry tissue and peel of dioscorea bulbifera were determined using standard methods. Chemical composition, physical properties, and antioxidant. It is closely related to air potato dioscorea bulbifera. An analysis of weight loss of stored yam dioscorea. Characterizing diversity in composition and pasting. The moisture and ash contents of yam ranged from 69. The data showed that boiled yam by had the highest calcium content 7. Using leaf mulch, the time taken for the yam setts to sprout can be shortened by approximately 20 percent. Dependent on the yam variety, of which there are approximately 200, its flesh might be of different colors which includes white, ivory, yellow or purple while its thick skin either can be white, pink or even brownishblack. Effects of npk fertilizer on tuber yield, starch content and dry matter accumulation of white guinea yam dioscorea rotundata in a forest alfisol of south western nigeria volume 21 issue 4. The proximate principles were analyzed using aoac methods, the mineral elements namely calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, sodium and potassium by absorption and emission spectrophotometry and phosphorous by molybdovanadate method. Yams are carbohydrate rich, staple tuber vegetables of west african origin. Investigations on amino acid profiles, total nitrogen contents, and computedprotein efficiency ratios cper of tuberous root peels of manihot esculenta crantz and dioscorea rotundata poir. Tuberous roots of cassava and yam are major sources of dietary carbohydrate to human, alternative sources of energy in livestock feeds, and sources of starch in smallscale industries.
Botanically the tuber belongs to the dioscoreaceae family, in the genus, dioscorea there exist several hundred cultivars of dioscorea. Isolation, composition, structure, properties, modifications. These are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in africa, asia, latin america, the caribbean and oceania. There are several species in the genus dioscorea that are known as yams. This paper reveals the proximate composition, mineral profiles, total protein, starch and sugar content of the wild yam tubers. Nutritional assessment of yam dioscorea alata tubers springerlink. Covered with large leaves, it can quickly grow into the tops of tall trees. It is named after the ancient greek physician and botanist dioscorides. Dioscorea used in chinese medicine with the example of. Nutritive and antinutritive composition of the wild. A study on its ethnopharmacological potential and traditional use by the local people of similipal biosphere reserve, india. Significant differences in crude protein and starch contents were observed among cultivars. The longterm storage potential of these tubers is vital for food.
826 240 770 1423 1225 234 209 186 221 640 1378 737 1386 546 1286 311 853 1079 1508 1194 670 1574 423 1332 165 993 867 562 1412 107 390 1373 748 728 479